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Articles Posted in Rights of Dissent

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Controlling Shareholders owe Fiduciary Duties to Minority Members

The controlling shareholders of a corporation owe fiduciary duties to the minority shareholders by virtue of their ability to control the affairs of the company. Even when a merger complies with statutory requirements, where it benefits the controlling shareholders and does not have an apparent business purpose, it must also…

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Understanding Deadlock in Limited Liability Companies and Partnerships

Deadlock in a limited liability company or partnership occurs when the members can no longer pursue the purpose of the business as agreed in an operating agreement or partnership agreement. A ‘minority veto’ occurs when a minority member or partner uses the unanimity requirement to block the will of majority.…

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Fair Value of a Corporation: Art not Science

In valuing the shares of a minority shareholder, a trial court must consider any valuation technique that is generally acceptable in the financial communities.  Determining fair value is an art, not a science. Directors that hold a majority interest in a closely held business have a duty to deal fairly…

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Court Defers to Management’s Liquidation Value in Dissenting Shareholder Value

The Business Judgement Rule presumes that a decision made by a majority of the board of directors in business matters is entitled to deference.  Courts generally will not interfere with decisions that fall under the Business Judgment Rule. Courts disregard the Business Judgment Rule when there is evidence of bad…

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